He ʻumikūmāhiku mau mea laha ʻole o ka honua - ʻumikumamālima o ia mau mea he lanthanides a ʻelua o ia mau metala hoʻololi, yttrium a me scandium - i loaʻa me nā lanthanides a ua like nā mea kemika. ʻO Samarium (Sm) a me Neodymium (Nd) nā mea ʻelua i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka honua maʻamau i nā noi magnetic. ʻOi aku ka kikoʻī, ʻo Samarium a me Neodymium nā mea māmā māmā o ka honua (LREE) i ka hui honua cerium. Hāʻawi ʻo Samarium Cobalt a me Neodymium alloy magnets i kekahi o nā lakene ikaika-i-kaumaha maikaʻi loa no nā noi ʻoihana a me nā ʻoihana.

Loaʻa pinepine ʻia nā mea ʻeleʻele laha ʻole i loko o nā waihona mineral like, a ua nui kēia mau waihona. Me ka ʻokoʻa o ka promethium, ʻaʻohe mea kakaikahi o ka honua. Eia kekahi laʻana,ʻo samarium ka 40th nui loa o nā mea i loaʻa i loko o nā waihona mineral o ka Honua. Loaʻa ka Neodymium, e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka honua laha ʻole, i loko o nā waihona ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaneʻane like kēia ʻano mea honua laha ʻole e like me ke keleawe a ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ke gula.

Ma keʻano laulā, ua hāʻawi ʻia ko lākou inoa no nā kumu ʻokoʻa ʻelua akā koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka inoa mua e hilinaʻi ʻia ma ka ʻike mua ʻana i ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea ʻumikūmāhiku o ka honua. ʻO ka etymology i manaʻo ʻia mai ke kaʻina hana paʻakikī o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kēlā me kēia ʻano honua laha ʻole mai kāna ʻaila mineral.

ʻO Neodymium Rare Earth Magnet Square ʻO ka liʻiliʻi a paʻakikī ke komo ʻana i nā waihona ʻeleʻele i loaʻa nā ʻano honua laha ʻole i kōkua i ka inoa mua o nā mea he ʻumikumamāhiku. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "honua" pili wale i nā waihona mineral kūlohelohe. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o ka mōʻaukala o kēia mau mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia kona inoa. I kēia manawa, hui ʻo Kina ma kahi o 95% o ka noi honua no nā ʻāina laha ʻole - ka ʻeli ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana ma kahi o 100,000 metric tons o nā honua laha ʻole i ka makahiki. ʻO ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Afghanistan, Australia, a me Iapana hoʻi he mau ʻāina koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi.

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana ʻelua no nā mea ʻano honua ʻokoʻa i kapa ʻia ʻo "rare earth" ma muli o ka paʻakikī i ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, i hana mau ʻia e ka crystallization. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "rare" like me ka "paʻakikī." No ka mea ʻaʻole maʻalahi kā lākou hana ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, manaʻo kekahi poʻe akamai i ka huaʻōlelo "rare earth" i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia mau mea he ʻumikumamāhiku ma muli o ka hopena.

Mākēneki Samarium Cobalt ʻAʻole kūʻai kūʻai ʻole a ʻaʻole hoʻi he pōkole nā ​​mākēneki Samarium Cobalt. ʻO kā lākou lepili ma ke ʻano he "rare earth" ʻaʻole pono ke kumu nui e koho a hoʻemi paha i kēia mau magnet mai nā noi ʻoihana a ʻoihana paha. Pono e ana pono ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi o kēia mau magnet e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i manaʻo ʻia, a e like me nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ka hoʻomanawanui wela. ʻO ka koho ʻana i nā mea magnet ma ke ʻano he "honua laha ʻole" e hiki ai ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia o nā mea magnet SmCo a me Neo i hui pū ʻia ke ʻōlelo ʻia me nā magnet Alnico kuʻuna a i ʻole nā ​​​​magnets Ferrite.